詞匯部分專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)
一、構(gòu)詞法
1．動(dòng)詞→名詞
work→worker invent→inventor teach→teacher sing→singer
visit→visitor drive→driver invent→invention operate→operation
2．名詞→名詞
farm→farmer police→policeman French→Frenchman
3．名詞→形容詞
care→careful use→useful
sun→sunny cloud→cloudy wind→windy rain→rainy
America→American China→Chinese
interest→interesting difference→different ice→icy
4．形容詞→副詞
quick→quickly happy→happily
possible→possibly true→truly
polite→politely wide→widely
5．形容詞→反義詞
happy→unhappy usual→unusual able→unable
二、常用詞、詞組和短語(yǔ)的英語(yǔ)解釋
例如：look after－take care of
right away－at once
right now－now
have a rest－take a rest
in the middle of－in the centre of
do well in－be good at
三、兼類(lèi)詞和多義詞的詞類(lèi)及用法
例如：
1．right adj．正確的
I'm wrong．You are right．我錯(cuò)了你是對(duì)的。
adv．恰恰，正好
It's right on your head．它正好在你頭上。
n．右邊
Li Ming sits on my right．李明坐在我右邊。
2．back n．背，后背，后部
adv．向后，回原處
Put your hands behind your back．（n．）把手放在背后。
He'll be back（adv．）in ten minutes．他十分鐘后回來(lái)。
3．poor adj．貧窮的；可憐的；不好的
He was too poor to buy a new coat．他窮得買(mǎi)不起一件新外套。
The poor old man had no room to live in．這位可憐的老人沒(méi)有地方住。
I'm poor at singing．我不擅于唱歌。
4．call v．稱(chēng)呼，取名；呼喚，叫來(lái)；大聲說(shuō)，叫喊
n．叫，喊 （一次）電話，通話
The boy was called Mingming．這個(gè)男孩被叫做明明。
You'd better call a doctor．你最好請(qǐng)位醫(yī)生。
I hear someone calling．我聽(tīng)見(jiàn)有人在叫。
I heard a call for help．我聽(tīng)到呼救的聲音。
I'll give you a call later．我以后再給你打電話。
四、同義詞（近義詞），反義詞（對(duì)應(yīng)詞）的詞類(lèi)及用法
例如：
1．a(chǎn)ny和some
二者都有“一些”的意思，any多用于疑問(wèn)句和否定句，some 多用于肯定句。但在表示請(qǐng)求、邀請(qǐng)、期待肯定答復(fù)的問(wèn)句中，常用some代替any。
I can see some flowers in the garden．
I can't see any trees there．
Would you like some water?
2．borrow lend
borrow常和from搭配，表示“借來(lái)”“借入”
lend常與to搭配，表示“借給……”“借出”
──Will you please lend me your bike?
──Sorry, I've lent it to Tom．
──Thank you all the same．I'll borrow it from others．
3．take, bring, carry
take：將某物或某人帶離說(shuō)話人那里。bring則相反，是帶到說(shuō)話人處。例如：
Bring your book here tomorrow．
Could you take it to the classroom?
carry是隨身攜帶，不表明來(lái)去的方向，如：
I can't carry the box．It's too heavy．
4．find, look for, find out
find意為“找到”，look for是“尋找”，find out 是“發(fā)現(xiàn)、查明（真相）”
I can't find my ticket．
I'm looking for it．
They are trying to find out who broke the window．
5．look, see, watch
look是“看”，經(jīng)常和at搭配，look at 看…… 如：Look at the picture．
see是“看見(jiàn)”。如：Can you see the picture?
watch是“觀看”如：I was watching TV at ten yesterday．
6．other, the other, others, another
other可作為形容詞，意為“其他的”如：What other things can you see?
要注意掌握one…the other的用法，表示（兩者中的）一個(gè)…另一個(gè)，如：
I have two balls．One is red, the other is green．
others泛指另外的人或物。the others表示特指某范圍內(nèi)的“其他的人或物”，如：
Some students are playing basketball, （the）others are playing football．
another意為“另一個(gè)”。如：I want another apple．
7．speak, say, talk, tell
speak重在指人們對(duì)語(yǔ)言的掌握或使用。say強(qiáng)調(diào)說(shuō)話的內(nèi)容，talk指交談或連續(xù)說(shuō)話, 常與with或to搭配。tell意為告訴。如：
I can speak a little English．
He said he was going to be a teacher．
What are they talking about?
Can you tell me the way to the cinema?
8．too, also, either
too, also, either都表示“也”。too用在句末，只用于肯定句。also置于句中，也只用于肯定句。either通常置于句末，用于否定句。如：
I am a teacher, too．
She is also a teacher．
He isn't a teacher, either．
9．reach, arrive, get to
三者都表示到達(dá)。“get to +地點(diǎn)”多用于口語(yǔ)。reach是及物動(dòng)詞，后面直接加地點(diǎn)。arrive是不及物動(dòng)詞，要用介詞in或at再加地點(diǎn)，較大地點(diǎn)用in，較小的地點(diǎn)用at, 如：
Have they arrived in Beijing?
They reached Beijing last night．
I get to school at seven every day．
10．cost, pay, spend
cost的主語(yǔ)只能是“物”，不能是人。spend一般是用人而不是用物做主語(yǔ)。cost表示“值（多少）錢(qián)”“花費(fèi)”，spend表示“花費(fèi)”“度過(guò)”。pay表示付款。
可以記住下列句型：
1）主語(yǔ)（物）＋cost＋sb．＋sth．
2）主語(yǔ)（人）＋spend＋...＋ in doing sth. / on sth.
3）pay與for連用，主語(yǔ)（人）＋pay for ...
請(qǐng)看例句：
I paid ten yuan for the book．
I spend ten yuan on the book．
The book cost me ten yuan．
責(zé)任編輯：李芳芳